Propolis
What Is Propolis?
Propolis is a resin-like substance made by honey bees from plant resins, essential oils, balsams, and sometimes a little bit of beeswax. The color and composition of propolis can vary depending on the local flora, but it typically has a dark brown or reddish hue and an aromatic scent. It has been used by humans for thousands of years for its medicinal properties, earning nicknames such as “bee glue” and “nature’s antibiotic.”
How Do Bees Collect Propolis?
Bees gather propolis by visiting trees and plants that exude resin, such as poplars, birches, and conifers. They use their mandibles to scrape off the resin, then mix it with their own wax and saliva. Once they have collected enough, they transport it back to the hive in their pollen baskets (corbiculae) on their hind legs. Inside the hive, other worker bees assist in processing the material and applying it where needed.
Why Do Bees Use Propolis?
Propolis plays an important role in the health of the honey bee colony and it’s a multi-purpose defense system within the hive. Some of its primary functions include:
Structural Reinforcement: Bees seal small cracks and gaps in the hive with propolis, insulating the colony against cold drafts and unwanted moisture. You’ll often notice some propolis near the hive’s entrance in both managed colonies and wild swarms, and on the inner cover in managed colonies.
Antimicrobial Protection: Propolis has strong antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-fungal properties. Bees use it to sterilize the hive, reducing the spread of pathogens and maintaining colony health.
Pest Defense: Small intruders, such as mice or other insects, that enter the hive and cannot be removed are often coated in propolis, effectively mummifying them to prevent decay and contamination.
Hive Hygiene: Bees use propolis to line the inner walls of their hive and coat honeycomb cells before the queen lays eggs, ensuring a sterile environment for brood development.
Why Do Humans Use Propolis?
Propolis has been treasured for its medicinal and therapeutic properties for centuries. Modern research continues to uncover its numerous health benefits, leading to its use in a variety of applications, including:
Immune Support: Propolis is known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular natural remedy for colds, sore throats, and minor infections.
Wound Healing: Its antiseptic properties help accelerate wound healing and prevent infection, making it a common ingredient in natural ointments and balms.
Oral Health: Propolis is found in natural toothpaste and mouthwashes due to its ability to combat oral bacteria, reduce plaque, and support gum health.
Skincare: Propolis is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to soothe irritated skin, reduce acne, and promote a healthy complexion.
Antioxidant Properties: Rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, propolis acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping to fight oxidative stress and support overall wellness.
At Northern Roots Bee Co., we deeply respect the gifts of the hive, and we’re committed to sharing their benefits in a sustainable and ethical way. Have you tried propolis? We sell a very limited supply of propolis tinctures from the propolis that we gather during our annual equipment clean out. Let us know how you use it in the comments!